Boosting Mitochondrial Recycling Could Reverse Aging in Immune Cells

Researchers from the University of Lausanne reported last month in Nature Aging that they may have found a potential solution to the age-related decline in the hematopoietic and immune systems.

Aging is often accompanied by a decline in the proper functioning of the hematopoietic and immune systems, rendering older individuals more susceptible to infections, blood disorders, and even cancer. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) play a pivotal role in the blood system by generating various blood cell types, crucial for maintaining a healthy immune system. However, as we age, HSCs experience a decrease in their regenerative capacity and exhibit a preference for specific cell lineages, contributing to immune system dysfunction.

The team’s solution is a natural compound called Urolithin A, which targets mitochondria, the cellular energy powerhouses. It was found that mitochondrial abnormalities were a key factor in the aging of HSCs. Urolithin A acted as a mitochondrial modulator, effectively restoring mitochondrial function within HSCs.

Notably, Urolithin A is not present in food directly but is derived from ellagic acids and ellagitannins by gut microflora in humans. Ellagitannins can be found in foods such as pomegranates, nuts, and certain berries.

One of the most compelling discoveries of this preclinical study was that Urolithin A not only rejuvenated the blood reconstitution ability of aging HSCs but also improved the overall function of the immune system in elderly mice. When incorporated as a dietary supplement, Urolithin A revitalized the immune system's lymphoid compartments and enhanced HSC performance. This translated into an improved immune response against viral infections, suggesting Urolithin A's potential in addressing age-related immune system decline.