A study by Van Andel Institute scientists reveals that ketone bodies, metabolic by-products more prevalent during fasting, can energize immune cells during infection and disease. The findings, published in Immunity, open possibilities for personalized dietary recommendations to enhance treatments for various conditions.
Ketone bodies, produced by the liver when glucose levels are low, serve as an alternative energy source for the brain and organs during exertion or fasting. Surprisingly, the study discovered that these ketone bodies also fuel immune cells, particularly T cells, which play a critical role in the immune system. T cells were found to prefer ketone bodies over glucose and demonstrated improved functionality when powered by ketone bodies, effectively neutralizing threats.
The researchers believe that ketone bodies may be an evolutionary response that boosts the immune system when nutrient resources are scarce during illness or fasting.
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Although the study suggests that increasing ketone bodies through fasting or intermittent fasting regimens may enhance T cell function, other studies indicate that fasting might suppress immune function. These contrasting findings underscore the complex relationship between diet and the immune system, emphasizing the need for further research.
Looking ahead, the scientists plan to investigate how fasting and ketone body supplementation impact immune function, focusing on T cells' ability to combat cancer.