Fig 1: Role of C/EBPß, PPAR-?1, CD36, CPT-1A, and ABCA1 in lipid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation (FAO) in macrophages. The excess of lipids is responsible for the induction of different genes involved in the metabolism of fatty acids and the inflammatory process. A central role is represented by PPAR-?1, which orchestrates the storage and mobilization of lipids through the activation of CD36, CPT-1A, and ABCA1. Additionally, lipids lead to the activation of CD36 and C/EBPß, which promote intracellular lipid accumulation through the enhancement of lipid uptake and inflammatory response, respectively. Moreover, the activation of CPT-1A, and ABCA1 by the excess of lipids counteract the accumulation of the latter through the stimulation of lipid efflux and increment of fatty acid oxidation, respectively. C/EBPß (CCAAT enhancer-binding protein beta); PPAR- ? (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma); CD36 (cluster of differentiation 36); CPT-1A (carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A); ABCA1 (ATP-binding cassette transporter 1).