Fig 1: Correlations between GDF-15 and other indicators. GDF-15 was negatively correlated with (a) IGF-1 (r = −0.303, P=0.006). GDF-15 was positively correlated with (b) WHR (r = 0.26, P=0.018), (c) TG (r = 0.323, P=0.007), (d) TC (r = 0.196, P=0.099), (e) hs-CRP (r = 0.248, P=0.046), and (f) FRS (r = 0.428, P < 0.001) (∗P < 0.05; ∗∗P < 0.001).
Fig 2: The serum levels of GDF-15. (a) Serum GDF-15 levels of AGHD increased; (b) serum GDF-15 levels increased significantly in the subgroup with IGF-1 < 140 ng/mL of AGHD patients (∗∗P < 0.01).
Fig 3: Validation of DEGs in circulation and placental tissues: (a–c) PCR and ELISA were used to detect Top 5 downregulated genes (TRIM34, DEFA3, DEFA1B, DEFA1, QPCT) and Top 5 upregulated genes (CHPT1, SMOX, FAM83A, GDF15, NAPG) in cord serum (a), maternal serum (b), and placental tissue (c). (d) The protein levels of Top 5 downregulated genes (TRIM34, DEFA3, DEFA1B, DEFA1, QPCT) and Top 5 upregulated genes (CHPT1, SMOX, FAM83A, GDF15, NAPG) were detected by western blot in placental tissues. ∗P < 0.05 vs. control. N = 5 samples/group for the validation of DEGs.
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