Fig 1: Exogenous administration of FGF10 rescues cognitive deficits in KA-induced epileptic mice. Reduced levels of FGF10 were observed in both epilepsy patients and epileptic mice. A FGF10 levels in the serum of epilepsy patients were measured using ELISA including 12 normal individuals and 14 epilepsy patients. B–C The content of FGF10 in the hippocampus of mice was detected by Western blot analysis(n = 5). D Overview of the experimental workflow. E Memory performance of different groups of mice was assessed using the Novel Object Recognition (NOR) test, with the object discrimination index used to gauge cognitive ability during the memory testing phase(n = 5). F Spatial working memory and cognitive function were evaluated using spontaneous alternation experiments in the Y-maze(n = 5). G–J The Morris Water Maze (MWM) was employed to assess spatial memory capability, recording the swimming paths of mice (G), escape latency periods (H), the number of platform crossings (I), and average swimming speed (J)(n = 5). K–L The open field test was conducted to analyze the movement trajectory and percentage of time spent in the center area of the arena(n = 5). M Anxiety levels and exploratory behavior of mice were evaluated by analyzing the time spent on open arms, the open arm exploration ratio, and the ratio of open arm time to closed arm time in the elevated plus-maze test (n = 5). Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001