Fig 1: Insulin resistance elevates plasminogen levels. (A) Transcriptional levels of glutamate‐related genes (FRMD4B, PLG, PARD3) were analyzed in SK‐Hep‐1 cells treated with palmitate (PA; 24 h, 500 μM) via real‐time polymerase chain reaction. (B and C) The expression of plasminogen was analyzed in whole‐cell lysates of SK‐Hep‐1 cells treated with thapsigargin (24 h; 0, 0.3, 0.5, or 1 μM) or oligomycin (24 h; 20 or 40 μM) by western blotting. (D) Whole lysates were extracted from liver tissues of C57BL6 mice fed a high‐fat diet and age‐matched mice fed a standard diet, and plasminogen levels were measured by western blotting. *Significant differences between groups at p < .05. **Significant differences between groups at p < .001. PA‐BSA, palmitate‐BSA; PLG, plasminogen.
Fig 2: Excessive glutamate‐induced insulin resistance elevates plasminogen levels. (A) Protein expression associated with the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and gluconeogenesis was analyzed in whole‐cell lysates of SK‐Hep‐1 cells treated with monosodium glutamate (MSG; 24 h; 0, 10, 20, or 40 mM) by western blotting. (B and C) Expression of plasminogen and mGluR5 (metabotropic glutamate receptor 5) were analyzed in whole‐cell lysates of SK‐Hep‐1 cells treated with MSG (24 h; 0, 10, 20, or 40 mM) by western blotting. *Significant differences between groups at p < .05. **Significant differences between groups at p < .001. GRP78, glucose‐related protein 78; PEPCK, phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase; PLG, plasminogen.
Supplier Page from Abcam for Human Plasminogen ELISA Kit (PLG)