Fig 1: Hepatic specimens treated with DMSO, β-mercaptoethanol and CHIR 99021—Stage 3. A Schematic representation of hepatic specification (HS) induction in hepatic competent (HC)-primed cells using DMSO, β-mercaptoethanol, and CHIR 99021 for 5 days. B Real-time PCR-based gene expression analysis of the hepatic-specific cells showed that the SM- and GF-treated cells had an HS-specific gene expression profile (AFP, ALB, CDX2, CEPBα, PROX1, HNF4α, HGF and CK19). C Immunostaining of HSC markers in SM- and GF-treated cells. bright field image of SM-treated (i) and GF-treated (ii) HS cells. Positive staining of SM-treated HS cells (iii) and GF-treated HS cells (iv). D Expression efficiency analysis of HS cells (48.0 ± 2.4%) and GF-treated cells (43.5 ± 3.1%) (ii). Scale bar—100 µM. E The bar graph shows that AFP expression was significantly different (p < 0.05) from that of the GF protocol. The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at *p < .01, **p < .001, and ***p < .0001. The data are presented as the means of three independent experiments; the error bars represent the SDs
Fig 2: Hepatic tissue development using decellularized liver extracellular matrix (DLEM) and MSCs. A Schematic representation of the development of hepatic tissue using SM- and GF-based protocols. B Photomicrograph of the different stages of hepatic tissue development obtained using the SM- and GF-based protocols. C Photomicrograph of DLEM, 3D-SM and 3D-GF after 14 days and 23 days of differentiation protocol respectively. D Real-time analysis of AFP, ALB, HNF4α and CYP2e1 gene expression in control tissue (3D-C), SM-based hepatic tissue (3D-SM) and GF-based hepatic tissue (3D-GF). The AFP level was significantly greater in the 3D-GF group than in the 3D-SM and 3D-C groups. ALB, HNF4α and CYP2e1 were significantly greater in the 3D-SMs than in the 3D-C and 3D-GFs. E Heatmap analysis of the hepatocyte-specific genes for SM-derived hepatocytes in 2D (2D-SM), growth factor-derived hepatocytes in 2D (2D-GF), control tissue (MSCs cultured in 2% FBS) without any differentiation factor (3D-C), SM-based hepatic tissue (3D-SM) and growth factor-based hepatic tissue (3D-GF). The data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Differences were considered to be statistically significant at *p < .01, **p < .001, and ***p < .0001. The data are presented as the means of three independent experiments; the error bars represent the SDs
Supplier Page from Abcam for Mouse Albumin ELISA Kit