Fig 1: Serum levels of MMP-3, MMP-9, TIMP-1 in the control and AoV stenosis groups. MMP, matrix metalloproteinase; TIMP, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase; AoV, aortic valve.
Fig 2: Regression analyses. Regression lines of serum (A) MMP-1 and MMP-9, (B) MMP-1 and MMP-3, and (C) MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in patients with AoV stenosis. AoV, aortic valve; MMP, matrix metalloproteinase.
Fig 3: Pioglitazone treatment enhances release of immunoregulatory (anti-inflammatory) proteins by MS patient monocytes. SOMAscan technology was used to compare protein expression in supernatants from myelin-phagocytosing MS patient monocytes before and after pioglitazone treatment. (A) Heat map representing 46 proteins with a >25% change upon myelin phagocytosis (left column) and phagocytosing + pio treatment (right column) in MS monocytes. (B) Those proteins highly altered after pioglitazone treatment (>1.5-fold change) are mapped, indicating activation of anti-inflammatory (27 proteins) or proinflammatory signaling (8 proteins). n = 6/group. (C) Three proteins were validated by ELISA. HV monocytes trend toward a slightly higher C3 concentration (50.5 ± 4.8 ng/mL) than MS (37.6 ± 5.7 ng/mL) (n.s.). C3 release significantly increased upon phagocytosis (43.5 ± 4.0 ng/mL) and further upon pioglitazone treatment (51.9 ± 4.0 ng/mL), confirming the SomaLogic results. (D) TIMP-1 levels showed no difference between HV and MS, but displayed a significant increase upon both myelin phagocytosis (77.9 ± 2.8 ng/mL) and pioglitazone treatment (80.5 ± 2.4 ng/mL). (E) Conversely, MMP-9 release was significantly lower in HV (18.1 ± 0.5 ng/mL) compared to MS patients (18.9 ± 0.4 ng/mL). It was significantly reduced after pioglitazone treatment (17.9 ± 0.7 ng/mL) compared to myelin-phagocytosing (18.8 ± 0.4 ng/mL) monocytes. MMP-9 data had a large kurtosis and was log transformed. Adjusted P-values for pairwise comparisons in a two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey's test. Mean ± 95% CI, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, n = 26/group. MS, multiple sclerosis; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays; HV, healthy volunteer; ANOVA, analysis of variance.
Supplier Page from Abcam for Human TIMP1 ELISA Kit