Fig 2: Mitochondrial-associated proteins are significantly downregulated in HSP60-KD HCT116 cells. (A) A total of 28 proteins associated with mitochondrial complex I were downregulated in HSP60-KD1 and -KD2 cells compared with in control cells. (B) A total of 29 MRPs were decreased in HSP60-KD1 and -KD2 HCT116 cells compared with in control cells. (C) Mitochondrial autophagy-associated proteins BNIP3 and Parkin were increased in HSP60-KD cells compared with in control cells. HSP60, heat shock protein 60; KD, knockdown; MRP, mitochondrial ribosomal protein; NDUF, NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit; BNIP3, Bcl-2/adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3.

Fig 3: DUSP1 overexpression was involved in mitophagy inhibition via Bnip3. A-F. Western blots was used to analyze the proteins related to mitophagy. The siRNA against Bnip3 was used to knockdown the expression of Bnip3, which was considered as the negative control group. G. The immunofluorescence assay of mitochondria and lysosome. In the amplified panel, the yellow fluorescence is indicative of mitophagy. H. The ATP production was measured with DUSP1 overepxression or Bnip3 silence. I-M. The OCR assay was used to obverse the mitochondrial respiratory function. Data are shown as the means ± SEM. O-N. TUNEL assay was used to explore the role of Bnip3-related mitophagy in cell death. #P < 0.05 vs the control group; *P < 0.05 vs HR+Ad-ctrl group.

Fig 4: Phosphorylation of (A) AMPK at Thr172, (B) ACC at Ser79, (C) ULK at Ser317, LC3b‐II/LC3b‐I protein ratio (D), and total protein levels of GABARAP (E) and BNIP3 (F) at baseline (Pre), immediately after exercise (post) and following 90 or 180 minutes of recovery. Data presented in the bars are the mean ± SEM (n = 8). White bars represent the normoxia trial and blue bars represent the hypoxia trial. *P < .05 vs Pre

Fig 5: MFD alters cell death pathway in adipose tissue during (a) acute and (b) chronic Mtb infection. Immunoblot analysis of cell death markers, BNIP3 (marker of necrosis) and cleaved caspase (marker of apoptosis), in the WAT lysates of RD-fed and MFD-fed uninfected and infected C57BL/6 mice during acute infection (30 DPI) and chronic (3 months) post-infection. The error bars represent standard error of the mean. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 between indicated groups.