Fig 1: Treatment with HXT down-regulates pro-inflammatory proteins induced by PLpro expression in epithelial cells. Semi-quantitative expression of EOTAXIN, EOTAXIN-2, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, and TNF-α in Calu-3 (A), Caco-2 (B), and HepG2 (C) cells expressing PLpro, before and after treatment with 10 μM HXT for 24 h. Values are plotted as mean ± SD of two independent experiments repeated in duplicate. Data were analyzed by 2-tailed t-tests, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001 vs. PLpro.