Fig 1: Gene correlation and functional enrichment analysis of RARRES1 expression in SKCM. (A) Top 30 genes correlated with RARRES1 expression. (B) The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of RARRES1. (C) The network results of GO and KEGG pathways. (D-K) GSEA analysis on (D) mitotic G1 phase and G1/S transition, (E) caspase cascade, (F) oxidative damage response, (G) autophagy, (H) cancer immunotherapy by PD1 blockade, (I) cancer immunotherapy by CTLA4 blockade, (J) modulators of TCR signaling and T cell activation, (K) natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity.
Fig 2: RARRES1-related immune infiltration in SKCM. (A) Lollipop chart of the correlation between RARRES1 expression and 24 types of immune cells. (B–U) Scatter plot of GPR143 expression and immune cell infiltration: (B) activated dendritic cells, (C) B cells, (D) CD8 + T cells, (E) cytotoxic cells, (F) dendritic cells, (G) eosinophils, (H) immature dendritic cells, (I) Macrophages, (J) neutrophils, (K) NK CD56dim cells, (L) NK cells, (M) plasmacytoid dendritic cells, (N) T cells, (O) T helper cells, (P) T central memory cells, (Q) T effector memory cells, (R) T follicular helper cells, (S) T gamma delta cells, (T) Th1 cells, (U) Th2 cells. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.001, ns: no significance.
Fig 3: Mutation and promoter methylation of RARRES1 in SKCM. (A) Mutation of SKCM in 443 SKCM samples. (B) Mutation frequency distribution of RARRES1 in SKCM. (C) 6 mutated nucleotide positions in RARRES1 gene. (D) RARRES1 expression in different RARRES1 CNV groups. (E) Promoter methylation level of RARRES1 in normal tissues, primary SKCM, and metastatic SKCM. **** P < 0.0001.
Fig 4: Expression, clinicopathological correlation, prognostic and diagnostic potential of RARRES1 in SKCM. (A) RARRES1 expression in 58 SKCM tissues and 16 normal tissues in the GSE15605 dataset. (B–H) The association of RARRES1 expression and (B) T classification, (C) pathological stages, (D) patient’s age, (E) melanoma ulceration, (F) melanoma Clark level, (G) Breslow depth, (H) radiation therapy. (I–J) Survival curves of OS and DSS. (K–L) The prognostic impact of RARRES1 on immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 treatment and anti-CLTA-4 treatment. (M) Nomogram that integrates RARRES1 expression and other prognostic factors in SKCM. (N) ROC curve for evaluating the diagnostic value of RARRES1. **P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001.
Fig 5: Effects of RARRES1 overexpression on A375 cell apoptosis and autophagy. (A–B) Cell apoptosis assay after RARRES1 overexpression. (C–D) Western blotting analysis of cell apoptosis biomarkers after RARRES1 overexpression. (E) Representative images and (F) quantification of ROS in A375 cells measured by DHE dye after RARRES1 overexpression (bar length = 50 μm). (G–H) Western blotting analysis of LC3I/II after RARRES1 overexpression. (I) Relative mRNA levels of autophagy related genes after RARRES1 overexpression. (J–K) Western blotting analysis of P62 after RARRES1 overexpression. (L) Representative images and (M) quantification of lysosomal pH in A375 cells determined by lysosensor Green DND-189 after RARRES1 overexpression (bar length = 50 um). (N) Schematic diagram illustrating the mechanism by which RARRES1 inhibits proliferation and migration of SKCM cells. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001. All assays were performed in triplicate.
Supplier Page from Abcam for Anti-RARRES1 antibody