Fig 2: H. pylori target population is characterized by a high level of cell differentiation.a Volcano plot showing log-fold change and -log (p-value) for the comparison between cluster 4 (H. pylori-infected enriched cluster) and the rest of the clusters (clusters 1, 2 and 3). Red dots denote DEG with p-value = 0.05 and =1.5 log2 fold change. Blue dots denote DEG with p-value = 0.05 and =1.5 log2 fold change. b Expression of several DEG shown in panel (a). Expression is colour-coded and projected on the t-SNE as in Fig. 2c. c Protein levels of PSCA, cleaved PARP, phosphorylated H2AX and YAP in 2D naïve monolayers measured by mass spectrometry (CyTOF). Every dot represents an individual cell and colours denote the intensity of the signal. d Confocal microscopic image of human stomach mucosa co-stained for MUC5AC (red), GKN1 (green, upper panel) and GKN2 (green, lower panel) using immunofluorescence. Nuclei were counterstained using Hoechst 33342 (blue). Scale bar: 50 µm. Data in panel c is representative results of organoid lines derived from 3 donors and 1 experiment. Data in panel d is representative of results from 2 donors and 1 experiment.

Fig 3: Anti-tumor efficacy of DNA vaccines in a tumor bearing mouse model after immunization. The mice were subcutaneously inoculated with RM-1-PSCA cells (1.0×105) in the right flank back. A, tumor growth curve; B, mean tumor weight; C, tumor growth inhibition rate. Data are reported as means±SD (ANOVA).

Fig 4: A, specific antibody response induced by DNA vaccines. Groups of experimental mice were immunized with the pVAX1, pVAX1-PSCA, or pVAX1-PSCA-CTLA-4 plasmids. Anti-prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) antibodies were determined by ELISA after immunization. B, Analysis of the spot frequencies of antigen-specific IFN-? T cells. Splenocytes from vaccinated mice were harvested 2 weeks after final immunization. Data are reported as means±SD (ANOVA).

Fig 5: Expression of prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) in RM-1-PSCA cells and fusion DNA vaccine in 293T cells by western blot (A). Left, lysates of RM-1 cells stably transfected with pcDNA3.1-PSCA; Right, lysates of non-transfected RM-1 cells. B, expression of plasmid pVAX1-PSCA-F2A-CTLA-4 was studied by flow cytometry. Left, 293T cells transfected with pVAX1; Right, 293T cells transfected with pVAX1-PSCA-F2A-CTLA-4.