Fig 1: Validation of DEGs in circulation and placental tissues: (a–c) PCR and ELISA were used to detect Top 5 downregulated genes (TRIM34, DEFA3, DEFA1B, DEFA1, QPCT) and Top 5 upregulated genes (CHPT1, SMOX, FAM83A, GDF15, NAPG) in cord serum (a), maternal serum (b), and placental tissue (c). (d) The protein levels of Top 5 downregulated genes (TRIM34, DEFA3, DEFA1B, DEFA1, QPCT) and Top 5 upregulated genes (CHPT1, SMOX, FAM83A, GDF15, NAPG) were detected by western blot in placental tissues. ∗P < 0.05 vs. control. N = 5 samples/group for the validation of DEGs.