Fig 2: Triptolide decreases the production of donor-specific antibodies (DSA) and reduces the amounts of B cells and plasma cells in vivo. Transplant-recipient sera collected at the indicated time points were reacted with donor spleen cells and evaluated for antibody production by flow cytometry. Circulating levels of (A) IgG and (B) IgM are expressed as mean fluorescence intensity ± SD (n = 5). B cells (CD45+, CD19+) and plasma cells (CD45+, CD38+) were detected by flow cytometry in recipient blood and spleen 4 weeks after transplantation. Representative dot plots for frequencies and counts of B cells and plasma cells in recipient blood (C–F) and spleen (G–J) were shown. Data were represented as mean ± SD of at least three independent samples. ∗p < 0.05; ∗∗p < 0.01, Student’s t-test.

Fig 3: R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 increased the levels of CDs in CTX-induced immunosuppressed mice. The CD4, CD8, CD19, and CD20 in the serum were detected by the ELISA. (A) The level of CD4. (B) The level of CD8. (C) The level of CD19. (D) The level of CD20. Comparison with N group, differences are indicated by “*”, ** (p < 0.01); comparison with IM group, differences are indicated by “#”, # (p < 0.05), ## (p < 0.01).

Fig 4: Expression of marker molecules of lymphocyte subpopulations in mice mesenteric lymph nodes. Single-cell suspensions of mesenteric lymph nodes were prepared, and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD20+ lymphocytes were detected using a flow cytometer. (A) Detection of CD3+ lymphocytes. (B) Detection of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. (C) Detection of CD19+ and CD20+ lymphocytes. N: normal control group. IM: immunosuppressive model group. Rl: R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 with low concentration. Rm: R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 with medium concentration. Rh: R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 with high concentration. PC: positive control.

Fig 5: Expression of marker molecules of lymphocyte subpopulations in mouse spleen. Single-cell suspensions of spleen were prepared, and CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD20+ lymphocytes were detected using a flow cytometer. (A) Detection of CD3+ lymphocytes. (B) Detection of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes. (C) Detection of CD19+ and CD20+ lymphocytes. N: normal control group. IM: immunosuppressive model group. Rl: R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 with low concentration. Rm: R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 with medium concentration. Rh: R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 with high concentration. PC: positive control.