Fig 2: Affected adult neurogenesis in DG in inducible BAF170cKO_Nestin-CreER mutant. a–b Representative images of the control and BAF170cKO_Nestin-CreER DGs with a schema of the tamoxifen (TAM) treatment. a 15 days after the TAM injection, most of the CreER+ cells are immunopositive with BAF170 antibody (filled arrows) in DG of control animals (BAF170fl/+; Nestin-CreER), but the BAF170 protein was fully lost in DG of in BAF170cKO_Nestin-CreER mice (empty arrows). b The histogram illustrates the proportion of CreER+/BAF170+ cells and CreER+/BAF170− cells out the total number of CreER+ cells in DG of adult mutant and control animals. c The schema shows time points of TAM, BrdU treatment, and harvesting of brain tissues. Images of IHC analysis with BrdU antibody (green) indicate a loss of BrdU+ cells in the subgranular zone (SGZ) of 4-months-old BAF170cKO_Nestin-CreER mice as compared to control. d The histogram presents the proportion of BrdU+ cells in SGZ and granular layer (GL) in control and BAF170cKO_Nestin-CreER mice. e Images show double IHC staining with antibodies for Nestin, GFAP. The middle panel shows images at a higher magnification. Filled and empty arrows point GFAP+/Nestin+ cells and GFAP+/Nestin− cells, respectively. f The histogram shows statistical analyses comparing the number of RGL progenitors (Nestin+/GFAP+ cells, filled arrows in e) and astrocytes (Nestin−/GFAP+ cells, empty arrows in e) in DG of control and BAF170cKO_Nestin-CreER mutant mice. Values are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 12). Scale bars = 20 μm

Fig 3: BAF170 expression in DGs of postnatal brain. a–b Images show double immunostaining of wild-type (WT) adult (4 months old) brain sections with antibodies for BAF170 (red) and either core subunit Brg1 or Brm (green). Note the full co-localization of BAF170 and Brg1 immunosignal in the adult brain hippocampus, where Brm is not expressed. c Schema shows a summary of BAF170 expression with different markers during adult hippocampal neurogenesis and astrogenesis. d Images show triple IHC analysis of DG in adult (4 months old) WT mice with antibodies for BAF170 (red), GFAP (green), Nestin (magenta). The panel on the right side shows images at a higher magnification. Overlay images of BAF170/GFAP/Nestin indicate that in SGL of DG, BAF170 is expressed in RGL progenitors (GFAP+, Nestin+, arrows). e–h Double or triple IHC analyses with BAF170 antibody (in red) and antibodies specifically labeling, astrocytes (GS, in e), neuronal progenitors (Mcm2, Tbr2 in f/g, see also Mash1-IHC in Fig. Fig. S1), immature neurons (Dcx, green in h) and mature neurons (NeuN, in Fig. Fig. S1) indicated that in DG, BAF170 is absent in neuronal progenitors (Mcm2+, Tbr2+, Mash1+, empty arrows in f/g, in Fig. Fig. S1), but it is expressed astrocytes (GS+, arrows in e), neurons (Dcx+, NeuN, arrows in h, in Fig. Fig. S1). Scale bars = 20 μm

Fig 4: Loss of BAF170 during lates stages and postnatal neurogenesis leads to increase of the terminal astrocytic differentiation at the expense of neurogenesis in DG. a, d, f Images show double (a, d) or single (f) IHC analyses of DG tissues of young (1 month old; IdU injection for 2 weeks prior analysis) and old (4 months old) mice with antibodies specifically labeling astrocyte (S100β), neuronal IPs (Tbr2), immature neurons (Dcx). Filled arrows show S100β+/IdU+ cells (in a) and Tbr2+/IdU+ cells (in d). Emptry arrows point mis-locations of S100β+ cells (in a), Tbr2+ cells (in d), and Dcx+ cells (in f) in GL of young (1 month old) BAF170cKO_hGFAP-Cre mice. b The diagrams represent results from statistical analyses, comparing the number of total IdU+ cells, IdU+/S100β+ astrocytes (in the selected areas in a) and IdU+/Tbr2+ IPs (in the selected areas in d) in DGs of 1 month old BAF170cKO_hGFAP-Cre mutants and control. c, e, g Diagrams show statistical analysis data comparing the number of S100β+ astrocytes (in the selected areas in a), Tbr2+ neuronal IP progenitors (in the selected areas in d) and Dcx+ immature neurons (in the selected areas in f) in control and BAF170 mutant DGs at indicated ages. Values are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 12). Scale bars = 20 μm