Fig 1: Immunofluorescence localization analysis of 5 proteins in ram sperm subjected to carbon ion radiation after 24 hours of in vitro liquid storage at 5°C. (A–J, magnification ×400; K and L, magnification ×1000; scale bar = 10 µm); DAPI (nucleus, green) and target protein (red). A, C, E, G, and I indicate NIR sperm; B, D, F, H, and J indicate CIR sperm; K and L indicate the morphological characteristics of different parts of the ram sperm; K was observed under a differential interference contrast microscope (DIC); L represents the merging of DIC and immunofluorescent images (red, ETFA). NIR, non-irradiated ram sperm; CIR, ram sperm subjected to 0.1 Gy carbon ion radiation.