Fig 2: Expression of myelinating oligodendrocyte marker OLIG2 and MBP in human and mouse cerebellum. (A+B) qRT-PCR validation in RNA samples of 3-month-old (A) and 12-months-old (B) mice showed tendency of a downregulation of Mobp, Plp1 and Mbp in 304Q/304Q KI mice compared to WT/WT littermates. (C+E) Western blot analysis of cerebellar lysates of OLIG2 and MBP in human cerebellar samples revealed a tendency of protein reduction in SCA3 patients for OLIG2 and a significant reduction for MBP compared to healthy controls. (D+F) In 12-month-old mice no difference of the Olig2 marker was observed, but a strong decrease of Mbp was detected in both, WT/304Q and 304Q/304Q mice compared to WT/WT mice. (A+B) n = 3, (C-F) n = 4, both sexes, two-tailed Student’s t-test. β-ACTIN or Gapdh shown as loading control

Fig 3: PEG-CeNP treatment reduced white matter injury and improved long-term neurological functions after ICH. a Representative images of MBP immunostaining in brain sections at 21 days post ICH. Lens: × 50; Scale bar: 500 µm. b % of MBP lesion area compared to the MBP+ area of contralateral hemisphere. n = 6/group, * p < 0.05 versus ICH + vehicle. c Adhesive removal test, time to contact. d Adhesive removal test, time to remove. e Accelerated rotarod test, latency to fall. n = 9/group, * p < 0.01: ICH+ CeNP and ICH + vehicle versus Sham. # p < 0.05: ICH+ CeNP versus ICH + vehicle

Fig 4: Expression of TRIM32 in the injured spinal cordThe sagittal sections of spinal cord around lesion site of 4 month-old mice following SCI for 7 days or of the mice under sham surgery (Sham) were stained for TRIM32 (A–D) GFAP (A) Iba1 (B) MAP2 (C) MBP (D) and DAPI. Scale bars: 50 or 100 µm in the images with lower magnification; 25 µm in the images with higher magnification.

Fig 5: ICH-induced white matter injury. a Nissl’s staining showed severe gray and white matter injury after experimental ICH in mice. b Representative images of MBP immunostaining at 3 days post ICH. Lens: × 200; Scale bar: 100 µm. c Measurement of brain water content at 3 days post ICH. * p < 0.05 versus Sham, # p < 0.05 versus ICH + vehicle. d Quantification of neurons with karyopyknosis and blurred Nissl bodies, n = 6/group. e Nissl’s staining of injured neurons. Lens: × 200, × 400; Scale bar: 100 µm (black), 50 µm (white)