Fig 2: Breast cancer cells induce osteoclastogenic change in RANKL/OPG expression. Bone marrow cells were grown for 9 days with AA (50 µg/ml) in the absence (AA, open bars) or presence of MDA-MB-231 CM (10%, AA+231, filled bars). A, expression of RANKL and OPG normalized to expression of ß-actin and presented relative to levels observed in cells grown with AA+231 for RANKL and AA only for OPG. Data are means ± S.E. (error bars), n = 5 independent experiments, p < 0.05. B, RANKL protein level assessed by immunoblotting in whole cell lysates. Shown is a representative immunoblot with a-tubulin as a loading control.

Fig 3: Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analysis. (A) Relative SOST mRNA expression to GAPDH in the CC low and high force groups. AB was used for comparison. (B) Relative RANKL mRNA expression. (C) Relative OPG mRNA expression. (D) Relative ratio of RANKL and OPG mRNA expression. *P<0.05 compared between CC and AB at the same time-point; #P<0.05 compared with 0 h. (E) Immunohistochemical staining (magnification, ×200) of OPG and RANKL. Scale bar, 50 µm. (F) Illustration of the changes of the expression profile of cementocytes and osteocytes under orthodontic compression force. SOST, sclerostin; CC, cellular cementum; AB, alveolar bone; RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor-?B ligand; OPG, osteoprotegerin; LF, low force; HF, high force; ns, not significant.