Fig 2: TFA inhibits lipid accumulation and reduces expression of miR-33, CD36 and SRA in macrophage. (A) Inhibitory effect of TFA on foam cell formation using Oil Red O staining, n = 5. (B) Determination of cellular TG and TC in peritoneal macrophage from apoE-/- mice, n = 5. (C) Inhibitory effect of TFA on lipid accumulation using Oil Red O staining in vitro RAW264.7 cells, n = 5. (D). Determination of cellular TC in RAW264.7 cells, n = 5. (E) LDL uptake assay in peritoneal macrophage, n = 5. (F) Cholesterol efflux assay in peritoneal macrophage, n = 5. (G, H) After 12 h treatment, expression of ABCA1, ABCG1, CD36, and SRA in peritoneal macrophage was determined by western blot, n = 5. (I) After 12 h treatment, expression of LXRa, LXRß, and HMGCR in peritoneal macrophage was determined by q-RT-PCR, n = 5. (J) After 12 h treatment, expression of miR-33 in peritoneal macrophage was determined by q-RT-PCR, n = 5. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05, significantly different from control; ns: not significantly different. TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; T317: T0901317, a synthetic ligand of LXR as a positive control. TFA attenuates the inflammatory response in plaque via dual inactivation of NF?B and miR-33.