Fig 1: Evolutionary trajectory of the PDI/RhoGDI gene cluster across the animal phylogeny. The emergence of the gene cluster dates back to the last common ancestor shared between bilateria and the cnidarians (N. vectensis). In earlier branching animal, e.g. sponges (A. queenslandica) or ctenophores (not shown), orthologs to the participating genes are unlinked. In the arthropods, represented by D. melanogaster, the cluster has been disrupted. Two subsequent rounds of cluster duplications in the last common ancestor of the vertebrates gave rise to the three contemporary paralogous gene clusters. The tree topology follows the accepted animal phylogeny, the vertebrate subtrees are arranged according to Supplementary Figure 1 (maximum likelihood PDI family tree). H. sapiens – Sarcopterygii; L. oculatus – Actinopterygii; C. milii – Chondrichthyes; S. purpuratus – Echinodermata; C. elegans – Nematoda; D. melanogaster – Arthropoda; N. vectensis – Cnidaria; A. queenslandica – Porifera. The genomic localizations in the individual species are given next to the cluster representation. In D. melanogaster, the two genes reside on the same chromosome, yet at a distance of >1 Mb.
Fig 2: Alignment of the genomic region containing PDIA1/RhoGDIα cluster in Eukaryota. Gene names and positioning are based upon the Genomicus database (see methods). All species are aligned against Homo sapiens. The map is centralized in PDIA1 (P4HB)/RhoGDIα (ARHGDIA) gene pair. Genes are aligned in columms and kept in the order in which they appear in chromosomes (Chr) and scaffolds (Scf), without consideration for distance, while the transcriptional sense is represented by the pentagon tip. All orthologs are drawn with the same color and the lettering on the top refers to the Homo sapiens genes. In addition to the main genes of interest, the neighboring genes are included for reference.
Fig 3: Evolutionary histories of the PDI and RhoGDI paralogs, respectively, in the three human PDI/RhoGDI gene clusters. The trees are based on the maximum likelihood phylogeny of the PDIs and RhoGDIs, respectively, but were adapted for congruency with the species phylogeny. Topology testing revealed that the adapted topology is not significantly worse compared to the ML topology (SH test: p > 0.05). Branch labels denote percent bootstrap support. The Pfam83 domain architectures of the individual PDI and RhoGDI proteins are shown next to the leaf labels: PF02115 – Rho_GDI; PF13848 – Thioredoxin_6; PF00085 – Thioredoxin. The architectures are connected if the genes reside next to each other in the genome of the respective species. The orthologous groups, PDIA1, PDIA2, PDIA8 and correspondingly, RhoGDIα, RhoGDIγ and RhoGDIβ are indicated by the same background color. In two cases, an ortholog was not predicted, while gene order indicates its presence (‘missed ortholog’).
Supplier Page from Abcam for Anti-RhoGDI antibody [2G3]