Fig 1: Effects of LSD1 inhibition on viral protein expression. (A) Western blot of whole-cell lysates collected from SP-2509 treated (16 μM) or untreated MRC-5 cells mock infected or infected with strain KOS and harvested at 2, 4, and 6 hpi. Antibodies are indicated on the right and the viral gene class is indicated on the left. (B) Experiments were carried out as in (A) except that cells were treated with or without OG-L002 (60 μM), infected with strain KOS, and harvested at the indicated times. All infections were carried out at an MOI of 10 PFU/cell and for all inhibitor treatments cells were pretreated with inhibitor for 1 h prior to infection and throughout infection. Average fold change in protein expression (+inhibitor/−inhibitor) was determined from biological duplicate experiments and error bars represent standard deviations.
Fig 2: Correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationships between differentially expressed KDM family genes and immune cell infiltration via the TIMER database. The figure illustrates the associations of KDM1A, KDM5A, and KDM5B gene expression with tumor purity and markers of tumor-infiltrating immune cells, including B cells, CD8+ T cells, CD4+ T cells, macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells. Spearman correlations were used to assess the relationships between these KDM genes and the mentioned immune cells, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.
Fig 3: MetaCore pathway analysis of the coexpression gene network involving KDM1A in pancreatic cancer. We extracted the top 1000 genes coexpressed with KDM1A from the TCGA database. We conducted a pathway analysis and generated a pathway list ordered by the -log p value. The "Ephrin receptors pathway" ranked highest in the biological process category. The figure illustrates interactions between genes and proteins, with symbols representing proteins and arrows depicting protein interactions (green for activation, red for inhibition).
Fig 4: Regulation of the HDAC1/LSD1/SESN2 pathway on VC in adenine‐induced CRF rats. A, The expression of HDAC1, LSD1 and SESN2 in thoracic aorta of rats determined using RT‐qPCR. B, HE staining of pathological changes of renal tissues (400×). C‐E, Serum levels of SCr, BUN, and U‐pro in rats measured by automated analyser Falcor 300. F, Alizarin red staining of calcification of thoracic aorta (200×). G, Calcium content in aortic tissue supernatant measured by colorimetric method. H, Western blot analysis of Runx2 and α‐SMA proteins in aortic tissues. BUN, blood urea nitrogen; CRF, chronic renal failure; GAPDH, glyceraldehyde‐3‐phosphate dehydrogenase; HDAC1, histone deacetylase 1; HE, haematoxylin‐eosin; NC, negative control; oe, overexpression; Pi, inorganic phosphate; RT‐qPCR, reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Runx2, Runt‐related transcription factor 2; SCr, serum creatinine; U‐pro, urine protein; VC, vascular calcification; VPA, valproic acid; VSMCs, vascular smooth muscle cells; α‐SMA, α‐smooth muscle actin. *P < .05 indicates significant difference. Data (mean ± SD) between two groups were analysed using unpaired t test. The experiment was run in triplicate
Fig 5: The prognostic value of the mRNA levels of the KDM family in patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) was determined via Kaplan‒Meier plotter analysis. (A) The hazard ratio (HR) indicates the prognostic value for PC patients. The log [rank p] test was used to determine the level of prognostic significance, with a value of p<0.05 considered significant. High expression of KDM1A/5A/5B was significantly associated with poor prognosis, indicating poorer outcomes. Conversely, the HRs of KDM2B/5D/6B were significantly lower, suggesting better prognostic outcomes in patients with pancreatic cancer. (B) Immunohistochemical patterns of KDM1A, KDM5A, and KDM5B expression in normal and tumor tissues from patients with PC.
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