Fig 2: Correlated genes and functional enrichments of HOXB5. (A) The global HOXB5-correlated genes were identified by a Pearson test. (B and C) GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. (D–F) GSEA analysis of highly expressed HOXB5 group to the low expression group.

Fig 3: Microenvironmental enrichment and HOXB5 expression. (A) Genes involved in angiogenesis correlated with HOXB5 in four cohorts. (B) HOXB5 correlation with stromal score, (C) tumor purity, and (D–E) endothelial cell infiltration level.

Fig 4: Survival analysis and risk model with HOXB5. (A–D) Kaplan–Meier survival plots for HOXB5 in four cohorts. (E) Respective time-ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curves of each survival analysis for 1, 3, and 5 years. (F) Nomogram combined with HOXB5 and clinical characteristics, (G) calibration curves (1-, 3-, and 5-year survival), and C-index of nomogram.

Fig 5: Expression of HOXB5 in glioma from TCGA and CGGA datasets. (A) HOXB5 expression level between glioma and normal brain samples. (B) HOXB5 expression level between lower grade glioma (LGG) and glioblastoma (GBM). (C) HOXB5 expression level with different grades. (D–F) Validation in CGGA data (Wilcoxon, *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001).