Fig 2: The exposure of HSFs and PBL to cfDNA (50 ng/mL) leads to the changes in NOX4 expression. (A). Change of the RNA NOX4 in HSFs in the presence of DNA samples. Average values for three measurements and standard deviation are given. The cultivation time and the DNA samples are indicated on the graph. The response to cfDNA differs from the control HSFs (p < 0.01). (B). b1—The most typical examples of NOX4 assay with FCA in HSFs. The data from the device are given for sz-HSF3 (1 h). b2—Index NOX4: the values of the medians of FL-NOX4i, normalized to the control signal value. Average values for three measurements and standard deviation are given. b3—Analysis of relative changes in NOX4 levels in the presence of DNA samples compared to control. Figures indicate the ratio (NOX4 DNA sample—NOX4control)/NOX4control. Green color—no significant differences with the control (p > 0.01), red—increased RNA content in the presence of the DNA probe (p < 0.01) and blue—decreased RNA content (p < 0.01). (*) the response to sz-cfDNA differs from the response to hc-cfDNA for this HSF (p < 0.01). b4—Changes in the NOX4 index in sample of HSFs (n = 10). (C). Localization of the labeled DNA sample (green) and NOX4 (red) in HSFs. An example is given for the sz-HSF3 line (probe sz-cfDNA, 1 h). (D). Change of the RNA NOX4 in PBL in the presence of DNA samples (50 ng/mL). Average values for four lymphocyte samples and standard deviation are given. (E). e1—The most typical examples of the NOX4 analysis with FCA in lymphocytes. e2—Changes in the NOX4 index in sample of lymphocytes (n = 4).

Fig 3: The influence of the DNA samples (50 ng/mL) on the expression of NFE2L2 gene in HSFs and lymphocytes. (A). Change of the RNA NFE2L2 in HSFs in the presence of DNA samples (50 ng/mL). Average values for three measurements and standard deviation are given. The cultivation time and the DNA samples are indicated on the graph. (*) The response to cfDNA differs from the control HSFs (p < 0.01). (B). b1—The most typical examples of the NRF2 assay with FCA in HSFs. The data from the device are given for sz-HSF1. b2—Index NRF2: the values of the medians of FL-NRF2i, normalized to the control signal value. Average values for three measurements and standard deviation are given. b3—Analysis of relative changes in NRF2 levels in the presence of DNA samples compared to control. Green color—no significant differences with the control (p > 0.01), red—increased RNA content in the presence of the DNA probe (p < 0.01) and blue—decreased RNA content (p < 0.01). (C). FCA. Sz-HSF4 staining with two types of antibodies with different labels: NRF2 (FITC) and NOX4 (PC5.5). (D). Change of the RNA NFE2L2 in the PBL in the presence of DNA samples (50 ng/mL). Average values for four lymphocyte samples and standard deviation are given. (E). e1—The most typical examples of NRF2 assay with FCA in lymphocytes. e2—Changes in the NRF2 index in sample of lymphocytes (n = 4). (F) The amounts of NOX4 and NRF2 proteins in PBL.