Fig 2: HnRPUL1 knockdown cell showed increased sensitivity to DSB-inducing agents.(A) Immunoblotting analysis of hnRPUL1 stable knockdown cell line and parallel mock knockdown cell line. Actin serves as a loading control for immunoblotting. (B and C) hnRPUL1 knockdown cells cause hypersensitivity to CDDP, but not to MMS. Error bars represent standard errors from two independent experiments.

Fig 3: HnRPUL1 is recruited to laser-irradiated sites via the C-terminus (aa 561–756).(A) Schematic presentation of hnRPUL1 domains (top) and deletion mutants (left) and the results of recruitment experiments (right). (B) Live cell imaging of irradiated HeLa cells expressing EGFP-tagged deletion mutants of hnRPUL1. Arrows indicate the sites of irradiation.

Fig 4: HnRPUL1 is associated physically with PARP1 and influences recruitment of PARP1 to laser-induced DNA damage sites.(A) pcDNA5/FRT vector expressing FLAG-HA tagged hnRPUL1 was transfected into Flp-In-293 cells, and a clone stably expressing FLAG-HA-hnRPUL1 (F-hnRPUL1) was isolated and used for coimmunoprecipitation by anti-FLAG M2 affinity gel. A clone stably expressing FLAG-HA tag alone (F-Control) was used as negative control. (B) PARP1 immunoprecipitates from 293 cell contain hnRPUL1. (C) Quantitative evaluation of EGFP-PARP-1 recruitment kinetics in the absence and presence of the PARP inhibitor DIQ, and in hnRPUL1 knockdown cell. Inhibition of PARP activity promotes prominently recruitment of PARP1 to microirradiated sites, in slimily, recruitment of PARP1 is also increased in hnRPUL1 knockdown cell. Error bars represent standard errors from four independent experiments.

Fig 5: Recruitment of hnRPUL1 to DSBs sites.(A) No recruitment of hnRPUL1 to UVDE-induced SSBs sites indicated by CPD in XPA-UVDE cells after local UV irradiation (60 J/m2). (B) Recruitment of EGFP-hnRPUL1 to DSBs sites induced by I-SceI indicated by focus of EGFP-hnRPUL1 colocalized with that of Cherry-tTA-ER after transfection of the plasmid pCMV-NLS-I-SceI (+I-SceI). Arrows indicate the sites of DSBs produced by I-SceI.