Immunohistochemical analysis of E-cadherin was performed using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human alveolar ridge mucosa (squamous cell carcinoma) tissue sections. To expose the target protein, heat-induced epitope retrieval was performed on de-paraffinized sections using eBioscience™ IHC Antigen Retrieval Solution - High pH (10X) (Product # 00-4956-58) diluted to 1X solution in water in a decloaking chamber at 110 degree Celsius for 15 minutes. Following antigen retrieval, the sections were blocked with 2% normal goat serum in 1X PBS for 45 minutes at room temperature and then probed with or without E-cadherin Polyclonal Antibody (Product # PA5-19479) at 1 µg/mL in 0.1% normal goat serum overnight at 4 degree Celsius in a humidified chamber. Detection was performed using Goat anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L) Highly Cross-Adsorbed Secondary Antibody, Alexa Fluor™ Plus 647 (Product # A32733) at a dilution of 1:2,000 in 0.1% normal goat serum for 45 minutes at room temperature. Nuclei were stained with DAPI (Product # D1306) and the sections were mounted using ProLong™ Glass Antifade Mountant (Product # P36984). The images were captured on EVOS™ M7000 Imaging System (Product # AMF7000) at 20X magnification and externally deconvoluted.