Fig 1: Effect of PN5 on model of in vivo endotoxic shock induced by LPS and d-galactosamine (d-GalN). (A) Survival rate of mice after LPS injection. At 30 min after intraperitoneal injection of LPS, 1 and 5 mg kg−1 of PN5 were intraperitoneally injected. The mortality rate of mice was observed until 48 h (all groups, n = 10). (B) Histology of liver tissues from C57BL/6J mice. PN5 (1 and 5 mg kg−1) was injected 30 min after treatment with 16 μg kg−1 LPS and 500 mg kg−1 d-GalN via intraperitoneal administration. Mouse liver sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Thin sections of the liver tissues were observed at magnifications of 20× and 40× (all groups, n = 4). (C) Real-time PCR analysis of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β cytokine mRNA in liver tissues of C57BL/6J mice. Mice were treated with LPS and d-GalN 30 min prior to induction of endotoxic shock. Liver tissues were harvested at 6 h after treatment with 1 and 5 mg kg−1 PN5. mRNA expression levels in infected animals were compared to those in uninfected controls. Values represent the mean ± SEM. **, P < 0.01, and ***, P < 0.001, by unpaired t test.