Fig 2: Analysis of immunoreactive expression of IL-1, TNF-a, MMP-2, NGF and CD31at 7 days and 30 days post-mesh implant.A1, 7 days post implant on MP group; A2, 30 days post implant on MP group; B1, 7 days post implant on MPC group; B2, 30 days post implant; on MPC group C1, 7 days post implant on sham group; C2, 30 days post implant on sham group; D, control group. *Brown spots signifies inflammatory cells (Reagents: anti-NGF/TA300799/origene; anti-IL1 antibody/TA336742/origene; anti-MMP2 antibody/TA336592/origene; anti-TNF antibody/PA5-19810/Thermo; anti-CD31 antibody/PA5-24411/Thermo).

Fig 3: Analysis of immunoreactive expression of IL-1, TNF-a, MMP-2, NGF and CD31at 40 days post-surgery. (x100) Legend: MH-paravesical space not opened with mesh implanted, MF-paravesical space opened and mesh implanted, H-paravesical space not opened, F-paravesical space opened. *Brown spots signifies inflammatory cells (Reagents: anti-NGF/TA300799/origene; anti-IL1 antibody/TA336742/origene; anti-MMP2 antibody/TA336592/origene; anti-TNF antibody/PA5-19810/Thermo; anti-CD31 antibody/PA5-24411/Thermo).

Fig 4: Expression of TNFa protein (Red A–C) and semi quantitative RT PCR of TNFa mRNA (D). Control cochlea showed minimal TNF expression in the hair cells and lateral wall (A). After sound trauma there was a clear increase in TFN alpha immunolabeling in hair cells, the spiral ganglion (arrow) and the lateral wall (B). Treatment with MSCs after sound trauma reduced TNFa expression in the lateral wall and outer hair cells but expression remained high in the inner hair cell (arrow C). Semi quantitative RT-PCR showed an up-regulation of TNF gene expression after sound trauma. This was slightly reduced after MSC treatment but not to control levels (D).

Fig 5: BRD9 degrader mitigates ZOL-related ONJ after tooth extraction.a Schematic illustrating the protocol used to establish ZOL-related ONJ model and dBRD9 degrader treatment. b µCT imaging of the maxillary bone from mice in dBRD9 degrader treated group and the control group. Yellow arrow 1 indicates severe periosteal reaction. Yellow arrow 2 indicates hyper-osseous maxillary sinus floor. Yellow arrow 3 indicates osteosclerotic patterns and sequestrum. Asterisk indicates insufficient amount of bone. Scale bar, 1 mm. c The incidence rate of osteonecrosis and periosteal reaction of the maxillary bone from mice in dBRD9 degrader treated group and the control group. n = 5. d H&E staining of the periodontal and alveolar bone area from mice in BRD9 degrader treated group and the control group. Colored boxes in the left are shown at higher magnification in right. Black dashed lines outline the boundary of the healed extraction sockets. Asterisk indicates necrotic alveolar bone with empty lacunae. Scale bar, 200 µm. e TRAP staining and f quantification of the periodontal and alveolar bone area from mice in BRD9 degrader treated group and the control group. Colored boxes in the left are shown at higher magnification in right. Arrows point to TRAP-positive osteoclasts. Asterisk indicates no signal. Scale bar, 200 µm. n = 5. Immunofluorescence staining of g iNOS (red), h TNF-a (red), i CD86 (red), k STAT1 (red) of the periodontal and alveolar bone area from mice in BRD9 degrader treated group and the control group. Colored boxes in the left are shown at higher magnification in right. Blue dashed lines outline the boundary of the healed extraction sockets. Arrows indicates positive signal. Scale bar, 200 µm. j The mRNA expression of Brd9 in ZOL or vector-treated BMDMs during LPS-induced macrophage activation and RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis at indicated timepoint. n = 3 biologically independent samples. All data in this figure are represented as mean ± SD. Two-tailed Student’s t-test for (f) and (j). All experiments were performed in triplicates unless otherwise stated. Source data are provided in the Source data file.