Fig 2: Neutrophil proteins positively correlated with the infarct wall thinning index at MI day 1: histone 1.2 (A), S100A9 (B), histone 3.1 (C), and fibrinogen (D). MI, myocardial infarction.

Fig 3: S100A8/A9 administration increased immune cells per S100A8 or S100A9 at myocardial infarction (MI) D1. S100A8 (A, I) or S100A9 (A, II) expression in the left ventricle (LV) infarct was not elevated at MI D1. A, III: neutrophil-to-S100A8 or -S100A9 and macrophage-to-S100A9 ratios were increased in the S100A8/A9-treated group compared with saline. Samples sizes were saline (n = 6) and S100A8/A9 (n = 7); data analyzed using unpaired t test. S100A8 (B, I) or S100A9 (B, II) expression in the LV infarct was not elevated at MI D3. B, III: neutrophil-to-S100A8 ratio decreased at MI D3. Samples were saline (n = 6) and S100A8/A9 (n = 5); data analyzed using unpaired t test.

Fig 4: S100A8 and S100A9 were upregulated in post burn skin and thermal-stimulated keratinocytes. (A) Representative blots for S100A8 and S100A9 in burned and matched normal skin tissues from burn patients. Comparison of (B) S100A8 and (C) S100A9 in burned and matched normal skin tissues of 38 patients. (D) Expression of S100A8 and S100A9 and (F) EMT marker proteins in thermal-stimulated keratinocytes was detected with Western blotting at different time points. (E) Double immunofluorescence assay for cellular localization of S100A8 and S100A9 and (G) immunofluorescence assay for nuclear translocation of Snail protein in thermal-stimulated keratinocytes at different time points. ***P < 0.001.

Fig 5: S100A9 immunostained section in the spleen showing A: Control group shows positive cytoplasmic immunoreaction for S100 antibody in some cells of the red pulp (arrow). B: TAA group showing increased cytoplasmic immunoreaction in cells of red and white pulp (arrow). C: Rapamycin-treated group showing increased cytoplasmic immunoreaction in cells of red pulp (arrow). D: Filgrastim-treated group showing positive cytoplasmic immunoreaction in some cells of the red pulp (arrow). E: Combined rapamycin and filgrastim-treated group showing positive reaction in few cells of red pulp (arrow) (Immunoperoxidase technique for S100 x 40, scale bar 30 µm)