Fig 1: Multiple pathway alteration of fibroblast-centric in pSSWithin SG, SPON2+ fibroblast downregulating growth signaling factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) components potentially contribute to the impairment of epithelial cell regeneration with SOX9 downregulation; IL32+ fibroblast upregulating cytokines and chemokines could promote local inflammation by recruiting activated T cells and B cells. Within peripheral blood, T cells and B cells trans-endothelial migration through expanded ACKR1+ endothelial cells.
Fig 2: Phenotypic and functional characterization of endothelial cells in salivary gland(A) UMAP plot showing the distribution of endothelial cells in SG colored by cell subset.(B) Boxplots of the cell proportions of endothelial cell subsets in pSS patients and non-SS controls in the SG. Center line, median value; box limits, upper and lower quartiles; whiskers, 1.5× interquartile range. ∗p < 0.05, Wilcoxon rank-sum test.(C) Bar plots of the DEGs numbers in each cell subset of endothelial cells.(D) Heatmap showing the DEGs in each cell subset of endothelial cells between pSS patients and non-SS controls.(E) Violin plots showing the average gene expression of the term ‘regulation of leukocyte migration’.(F) Immunofluorescence of CD31 (red), ACKR1 (green) and DAPI (blue) in pSS patients (n = 5) and non-SS controls (n = 5) in SG. Scale bar, 100 μm.(G) Scatterplots showing the distribution of endothelial cells in SG embedded in PHATE.(H) Scatterplots showing the pseudotime of each endothelial cell with PHATE embedding.(I) Pie plots of the cell proportion of each branch of the trajectory in pSS patients and non-SS controls in the SG.
Fig 3: Reclustering of endothelial cells in UC. (A) UMAP plot of subgroups of endothelial cells. (B) Heatmap showing marker genes’ expression in endothelial cell subtypes. (C) IF staining of ACKR1 and CD31. Scale bar represents 50 μm. (D) Representative HALLMARK enriched by DEGs of endothelial cell subsets. (E) Bar chart showing the relative proportion of ACKR1_Endo and ESM1_Endo in UCB, UCRP, and UCU patients. (F) High population of ACKR1_Endo predicted poor prognosis in the TCGA BLCA cohort. Log‐rank p value < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. (G) Violin plot showing representative genes expression in major cell types and endothelial cell subsets.
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