Fig 1: Increased BDNF protein in demyelination zone following 1 hr ES.Representative immunofluorescence (IF) photomicrographs from FG-positive focally demyelinated areas of tibial nerve sections immunostained for BDNF. Contralateral control nerves displayed only minimal BDNF IF (A). There was a marked increase in BDNF observed 5d post- lysophosphatidyl choline (LPC)/FG injection (B), largely within cells identified as ED-1 positive macrophages (data not shown). Temporal analysis of LPC focal demyelination +/- ES delivered 5 d post_LPC and as indicated in days post-LPC: 8d (D), 8d+ES (E), 10d (G), 10d+ES (H). Note: ES results in an increase in the BDNF IF signal detected 8 and 10 d post-LPC (3 and 5 days post-ES; E,H) relative to LPC only nerves (D,G). Summary bar graphs of BDNF protein levels measured by ELISA in samples of sciatic nerve bridging the site of demyelination are in agreement with BDNF IF (C, F, I). Asterisks indicate significant differences between experimental groups; **P<0.01. Scale bar = 100 µm.