Fig 1: Profiling of chemokine ligands secreted from pancreatic cancer cells(A and B) A human chemokine array was performed using culture supernatant from human pancreatic cancer cells, including Capan-2, AsPC-1, and PANC-1. Human primary pancreatic stellate cells (HPaSteC) were used as a negative control. (B) The expression of secreted chemokine ligands from each cell line was quantified and normalized to standard positive spots by measuring their pixel intensity using the ChemiDoc software (n = 2). (C) Relative mRNA expression of CXCR1 or CXCR2 ligands was determined using total cell extracts for each cell line. Quantitative data were obtained from three independent experiments per group (n = 3). p values were determined using a one-way ANOVA followed by a multiple comparison test; ∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001, ns: not significant. (D) CXCL score distribution in The Cancer Genome Atlas pan-cancer cohort. Whisker-box plots were used to represent the distribution of the CXCL score, including those for CXCL1, CXCL2, CXCL3, CXCL5, CXCL6, CXCL7, and CXCL8, across different cancer types. The red color represents pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Abbreviations for cancer types are described in the materials and methods section. (E) Kaplan-Meier overall survival analysis was performed on patients with pancreatic cancer (n = 176) using high vs. low CXCL scores, with a cutoff of 5.336. p values were calculated using a standard log rank test.