Fig 1: Metabolic remodeling of bronchial epithelium(A) Representative framework of BSM cells derived extracellular vesicles transfer to bronchial epithelium. Extracellular vesicles were collected and purified from either non-asthmatic and asthmatic BSM cells culture medium. Extracellular vesicles were transferred and diluted into the bronchial epithelium culture medium. Energetic metabolic changes were observed 6 h after the challenge.(B) Lactate and (C) glucose concentration was assessed in the bronchial epithelium culture medium of BE cultured without EVs (black circle, n = 5), non-asthmatic (white square, n = 5) and asthmatic (black square, n = 5) BSM cells-derived EVs during 6 h.(D) Quantification of LDHA and LDHB (n = 4) protein expression in epithelium cultured without EVs (black circle, n = 4), non-asthmatic (white square, n = 4) and asthmatic (black square, n = 4) BSM cells-derived EVs during 6 h using Western-blotting.(E) Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was measured in basal condition (DMEM 5 mM glucose) bronchial epithelium cultured without EVs (black circle, n = 4), non-asthmatic (white square, n = 4) and asthmatic (black square, n = 4) BSM cells-derived EVs during 6 h. The respiration rate was corrected for non-mitochondrial respiration determined after the addition of antimycin and potassium cyanide.(F) Steady-state ATP content was measured in bronchial epithelium cultured without EVs (black circle, n = 5), non-asthmatic (white square, n = 5) and asthmatic (black square, n = 5) BSM cells-derived EVs after 6 h using a luminescence assay. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. ∗p < 0.05.