Fig 1: Validation of key host gene expression in 3D vs. 2D cultures. (A) RT-qPCR validation of top DEGs and HPV45 genes in HPV45+ primary cervical cancer cells (MCW-3) grown in 3D vs. 2D culture. Results shown as mean fold change in 3D relative to 2D (error bars: SE, n = 3 biological x 3 technical replicates). p-value < 0.01*, <0.0001***, <0.00001 ****; (B) Western blot analysis of HPV-independent genes, CASP14, S100A9, ALPP, CLDN1, and IL18, with differential expression in 2D-3D cultures.