Fig 2: CELF1 knockdown promotes cell apoptosis and inhibits autophagy.A, B CCK8 assess IC50 values and inhibition curves after CELF1 knockdown in KG-1/ADR and HL-60/ADR cells. C, D Flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis in cells following CELF1 knockdown. E Western blot analysis of autophagy markers in cells after CELF1 knockdown. F, G Autophagic organelles visualized by transmission electron microscopy in cells after CELF1 knockdown. H, I Tandem mRFP-GFP-LC3 fluorescence assay performed in CELF1 knockdown cells to monitor autophagic flux.

Fig 3: RNA-seq analysis of potential downstream targets following CELF1 depletion.A The heat map illustrates DEGs following CELF1 depletion. B The top 20 enriched GO terms among DEGs. C The top 20 enriched KEGG pathways among DEGs. D Volcano plot showing 240 DEGs following CELF1 knockdown. E Venn diagram displays the common genes between the downregulated coding genes and the HADb. F Spearman’s correlation analysis of ATG5, CDKN1A with CELF1 expression in the AML profiles of TCGA dataset. G, H RT-qPCR and Western blot analysis the expression of ATG5 and CDKN1A following CELF1 depletion.

Fig 4: CELF1 modulates AML cell autophagy via ATG5 to combat ADR resistance.A, B CCK8 assess IC50 values and inhibition curves after CELF1 knockdown and ATG5 upregulation in AML cells. C, D Flow cytometry analysis of apoptosis in cells following CELF1 knockdown and ATG5 upregulation. E Western blot analysis of autophagy markers in cells after CELF1 knockdown and ATG5 upregulation. F, G Autophagic organelles visualized by transmission electron microscopy in cells after CELF1 knockdown and ATG5 upregulation. H, I Tandem mRFP-GFP-LC3 fluorescence assay performed in cells after CELF1 knockdown and ATG5 upregulated to monitor autophagic flux.

Fig 5: CELF1 is overexpressed in in AML drug-resistant cell lines.A, B Pan-cancer expression of CELF1 between tumor tissues and normal tissues from TCGA. C, D RT-qPCR and Western Blot evaluate CELF1 expression across diverse AML cell lines. E, F The IC50 values and inhibitory curve in KG-1 and HL-60 cells with ADR tested. G, H The IC50 values and inhibitory curve in KG-1/ADR and HL-60/ADR cells with ADR tested. I, J RT-qPCR and Western Blot analysis of CELF1 expression in AML drug-resistant cells compared to parental cells.