Fig 1: PGC1α regulates the Warburg effect to inhibit CRC progression through PKM2 inhibition.A–D Effects of PGC1α on oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) in CRC cells. E, F ATP production and glucose consumption in HCT116 and SW620 cells with PGC1α overexpression and HT29 and LoVo cells with PGC1α knockdown compared with relative control cells. G, H Effects of 2-DG on the lactate production cell proliferation of CRC cells. I, J ELSIA assay showed that PGC1α in CRC cells had an effect on the secretion levels of granzyme B and IFN-γ in co-cultured CD8+ T cells. K, L Effect of PGC1α on the killing ability and immunotherapeutic sensitivity of CD8+ T cells in co-culture state. M mRNA levels of 13 glycolysis-related genes in HCT116 with PGC1α overexpression and HT29 cells with PGC1α knockdown compared to relative control cells. N The correlation between PGC1α and PKM relative levels was determined by RT-PCR in 121 CRC tissues. O Effects of PGC1α overexpression and knockdown on PKM2, LDHA and HK2 expression in CRC cells. Values are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3). *P < 0.05 or **P < 0.01 indicates significant differences from the vehicle group as assessed by a one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Dunnett’s test.