Fig 1: Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of iCCA patients with different GM-CSF and GM-CSFRα expressions and distinct histological subtypes.Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of iCCA patients with different (A) GM-CSF and (B) GM-CSFRα expressions, and (C) combined GM-CSF and GM-CSFRα expressions were demonstrated. (D) The median survival times of iCCA patients with papillary and non-papillary subtypes highlighted the favorable prognosis of papillary one. (E) High GM-CSFRα-expressing ICI in non-papillary iCCA was related to longer survival times. Low GM-CSFRα, light GM-CSFRα-expressing ICI; high GM-CSFRα, moderate to dense GM-CSFRα-expressing ICI.
Fig 2: The correlation between GM-CSF and GM-CSFRα expressions and specific subsets of ICI.ICI in CCA tissues is demonstrated using a scatter plot in Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) 2.0 using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. The correlations between GM-CSF (A) and GM-CSFRα expression levels (B) and neutrophils, dendritic cells, all macrophages (macrophages), M2 macrophage (M2), monocyte-derived suppressing cells (MDSCs) and CD8+ T cell infiltrations. Rho values represent the correlation coefficient.
Fig 3: The mRNA expression levels and survival analyses of GM-CSF and GM-CSFRα in CCA tissues.Box plots represent mRNA expression levels of (A) GM-CSF and (D) GM-CSFRα in patient CCA tissues (red) compared with normal counterparts (grey) based on TCGA database using a web-based tool, GEPIA analysis. Kaplan–Meier curves for overall survival and disease-free survival of low, and high (B-C) GM-CSF and (E–F) GM-CSFRα-expressing groups. ∗p < 0.05.
Fig 4: The effects of GM-CSF on CCA cell proliferation and migration.(A) GM-CSF in conditioned media of six CCA cell lines was determined by ELISA and levels are presented as mean ±SD in pg/ml. (B) The surface GM-CSFRα expression (red) was measured by flow cytometry. MFI of isotype-stained cells (blue) is served as an internal control and used for normalization. The relative MFI of GM-CSFRα is shown on the upper right corner of each cell line. KKU-055 and KKU-213B were treated with 0, 1 and 10 ng/ml rhGM-CSF at indicated times to reveal the effects of GM-CSF on CCA cell proliferation (C) and migration (D). Data are presented as mean ±SD from 3 independent experiments, Bar = 200 µm.
Fig 5: GM-CSF and GM-CSFRα expressions in papillary and non-papillary subtypes of iCCA.The representative immunohistochemistry staining of (A) GM-CSF and (B) GM-CSFRα-expressing ICI. GM-CSF in CCA cells are categorized into negative, weak, moderate, and strong staining and GM-CSFRα-expressing ICIs are classified as light, moderate, and dense infiltrations. Bar = 50 µm. The distributions of GM-CSF evaluated by H-score (C) and GM-CSFR α-expressing ICI densities (D) between two iCCA subtypes were compared.
Supplier Page from Novus Biologicals, a Bio-Techne Brand for GM-CSF Antibody
Available conjugates: Available conjugates: UnconjugatedSpecificity: In ELISA and other immunoreactive assays, this antiserum will recognize both native and recombinant human GM-CSF in cell supernatants and certain body fluids.Sizes Available: 0.25 ml