Fig 1: A schematic diagram is presented to illustrate the proposed mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of Neferine in BMECs and its anti-ischemic activities. Nef activates PGC-1α: increases intracellular SOD activity and reduces the aggradation of mtROS: thereby inhibiting the assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome and suppressing the cleavage and release of IL-1β and IL-18: further improving TJ disruption and BMECs pyroptosis. This effect of Nef leads to protect BMECs: BBB integrity and ischemic brain injury induced by ischemic stroke.