Fig 1: Modulation of Wnt signaling effectors by homotaurine treatment of LRRK2-G2019S-mutated midbrain organoids. (A) Gene expression analysis for 4 pooled organoids revealed an increase in CTNNB1 gene expression levels in response to homotaurine treatment. (B) Protein analysis for 4 pooled organoids showed an increase in total β-catenin and RUNX2, along with a decrease in the phosphorylated form of β-catenin, indicating the activation of the Wnt signaling pathway. (* p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.005). In the Western blot images, the lanes in the middle marked with the ‘X’ do not contain samples from this study. The original Western blot images are provided in Supplementary Materials S3.