Immunofluorescence analysis of tubulin glutamylation with 045161. HeLa cells grown in standard culture conditions are transfected with GFP-fusion expression plasmids for the polyglutamylases TTLL4 and TTLL6. Glutamylated microtubules are detected with 045161. Only in the cells expressing glutamylases (red arrowheads), strong microtubule labelling is detected, whereas in non-transfected cells (white arrowheads), only very weak labelling is seen. Note that the level of endogenous microtubule glutamylation can vary between different cell lines. Picture courtesy of Dr. Carsten Janke, Curie Institute, Paris.