Fig 2: Gene Set Variation Analysis (GSVA) of PANoptosis-related genes. (A-F) GSVA results showing the correlation between specific PANoptosis-related genes and various signaling pathways: (A) BEX2, (B) CASP2, (C) CD36, (D) FASN, (E) PLSCR3, and (F) OSMR. The bar plots display the t-values of GSVA scores between DR and control samples.

Fig 3: Evaluation of osteoporosis modeling in rats. (A) Schematic diagram of OVX surgery. (B) μCT images of femurs in the Sham and OVX groups. (C) Body weight (g). (D) Bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2). (E) Bone volume fraction per total volume (BV/TV, %). (F) Histological examination of femoral bone marrow using H&E staining. (G) Quantification of fat volume fraction per total volume (FV/TV, %). (H) Immunostaining for CD36 in the distal femur and cancellous bone. (* p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001).

Fig 4: PPARγ activation stimulated Cd36 expression and microglial cell migration into the degenerative photoreceptor cell layer.A Heatmap showing selective PPARγ target gene expression in Trem2−/− microglia. B Quantitative analysis of Cd36 gene expression with and without GW1929 treatment in MNU-treated Trem2−/− and WT mouse retina. C Western blotting for CD36 in MNU-treated Trem2−/− and WT mouse retina. D Quantitative analysis of CD36 protein expression levels in MNU-treated Trem2−/− and WT mouse retina with and without GW1929 treatment. E Representative immunofluorescent images of TUNEL- and IBA1-stained retina of MNU-treated WT retina with and without CD36 inhibitor (SSO), and MNU-treated Trem2−/− mice with PPARγ agonist (GW1929) and CD36 inhibitor (SSO). Scale bar, 50 μm. Quantitative analysis of microglial cell infiltration (F), the number of TUNEL+ nuclei (G) and the ONL thickness (H) in SSO-treated MNU-induced WT mouse retina and GW1929 + SSO treated MNU-induced Trem2−/− mouse retina. I Schematic diagram depicts that the protective functions of TREM2-mediated microglia in retinal degeneration are carried out via the activation of PPARγ and the consequent upregulation of CD36 expression.

Fig 5: Immune cell infiltration analysis in diabetic retinopathy (DR). (A) Stacked bar plot showing the proportion of 22 types of immune cells in DR and control samples. (B) Box plot illustrating the significant differences in the proportions of Activated CD4 Memory T Cells, Monocytes, and M0 Macrophages between DR and control samples. Activated CD4 Memory T Cells were significantly downregulated in DR patients, while Monocytes and M0 Macrophages were significantly upregulated. (C) Heatmap displaying the correlation between the six hub genes (BEX2, CASP2, CD36, FASN, OSMR, and PLSCR3) and the 22 types of immune cells. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.