Fig 2: NCTD suppresses tumor growth in vivo. (A) Representative tumor images. Treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg NCTD for 4 weeks significantly suppressed (B) tumor volume and (C) weight. (D) Treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg NCTD significantly increased the GSH content in the tumors. The (E) MDA, (F) ROS and (G) Fe2+ contents were significantly decreased following treatment with 100 and 200 mg/kg NCTD for 4 weeks. (H) The results of western blot analysis demonstrated that NCTD reduced the NRF2, HO-1, xCT and GPX4 protein levels, elevating the expression of PTGS2 and CHAC1 in SKOV3-derived xenografts. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test was used for statistical anlaysis. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 and ***P<0.001 vs. control. Con, control; NCTD, norcantharidin; ROS, reactive oxygen species; MDA, malondialdehyde; Fe2+, ferrous ion; NRF2, nuclear factor erythroid 2-related 2; CHAC1, glutathione-specific γ-glutamylcyclotransferase 1; HO-1, heme oxygenase 1; xCT, solute carrier family 7 member 11; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase 4.

Fig 3: HCA inhibits ferroptosis in murine lung during LIRI. (A) Western blot showing the protein expression related to ferroptosis. (C) The three-dimensional model of HCA. (D) The three-dimensional model of Hif-1α. (E,F) The -CDOCKER energy between HCA and its potential targets. (G) Western blot showing the protein expression of HIF-1α, HO-1, SLC7A11, and GPX4. (B,H) Quantification of the results of (A,G). * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001.

Fig 4: The effect of LDH on Nrf2/HO-1 signal pathway in zebrafish larvae at 96 hpf. A. The protein level of Nrf2 and HO-1; B. The mRNA levels of Nrf2 and HO-1. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001vs Control.

Fig 5: Inhibitory effect of PtAu2 clusters on LPS-induced calvarial osteolysis in vivo. (A) Schematic diagram of in vivo experiments. (B) Representative micro-CT scanning images of mice calvaria. (C) Quantitative analysis of micro-CT scanning images. (D) Representative H&E, TRAP, and immunostaining images of TNF-α, Nrf2, and HO-1. (E) Quantification of the number of TRAP-positive OCs. (F) Quantification of OcS/BS%. (G) Quantitative analysis of relative TNF-α fluorescence. (H) Quantitative analysis of relative Nrf2 fluorescence. (I) Quantitative analysis of relative HO-1 fluorescence. (C) Data represent the mean ± SD of five independent animals (one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test). (E, F, G, H, and I) Data represent the mean ± SD of four independent animals (one-way ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.