Fig 2: Expression of M1 and M2 biomarkers in ROCK2‐knockdown (ROCK‐KD) and ROCK2‐overexpression (ROCK‐OE) BV2 cell. (A, D: FKD = 9.333, vs. CON; FOE = 71, vs. CON; FOE = 7.607, vs. KD) Immunofluorescent (IF) staining for M1‐related biomarker (iba‐1 and iNOS) and M2‐related biomarkers (iba‐1 and Arg‐1) (B, E: FOE = 6.250, vs. CON; FOE = 6.875. vs. KD) in ROCK‐KD and ROCK‐OE BV‐2 cells. Proportion of CD86 (M1 cell) and CD206 (M2 cell) in BV‐2 cells (C, F: FOE = 204.3, vs. CON; FOE = 205.4, vs. KD; G: FOE = 52.11, vs. CON; FOE = 90.70. vs. KD). The expression of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway in ROCK‐KD and ROCK‐OE BV‐2 cells. The expression of p‐MYPT1, p‐MLCK, RhoA (H) and ROCK1/2 (I) proteins expression; Statistics for expressions of p‐MYPT1 (J: FOE = 62.30, vs. CON; FOE = 53.18, vs. KD), p‐MLCK (K: FOE = 114.7, vs. CON; FOE = 48.30, vs. KD), RhoA (L: FOE = 9.339, vs. CON; FOE = 1.706, vs. KD), ROCK2 (M: FOE = 13.48, vs. CON; FKD = 16.96, vs. CON; FOE = 1258, vs. KD) and ROCK1 (N) in different groups.

Fig 3: Immunofluorescent (IF) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining on cerebral cortex and hippocampus in different groups. (A and B) IF staining for M1 and M2 cells in CA1 region of the hippocampus, respectively. (C) IHC staining for M1 and M2 cells in DG region of the hippocampus. Statistics of co‐staining of iba‐1 and iNOS (FKA = 25, vs. CON; FKA+MEL = 25, vs. KA) (D) as well as iba‐1 and Arg‐1 (FKA+MEL = 18.25, vs. KA) (E) in CA1 and Statistics of Arg‐1 (FKA = 2.588, vs. CON; FKA+MEL = 8.059, vs. KA) (F) as well as iNOS (FKA = 3.250, vs. CON; FKA+MEL = 1.477, vs. KA) (G) in DG regions in different groups. Protein levels in RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway. (H) Western blot (WB) tests for RhoA, p‐MYPT1, t‐MYPT1, p‐MLCK, and t‐MLCK proteins. Statistics for p‐MYPT1/t‐MYPT1 ratio (I) (FKA = 18.26, vs. CON; FKA+MEL = 2.303, vs. KA), p‐MLCK/t‐MLCK ratio (J) (FKA = 2.093, vs. CON; FKA+MEL = 1.158, vs. KA) and RhoA/GAPDH ratio (K) (FKA = 6.234, vs. CON; FKA+MEL = 59.41, vs. KA) expressions in different groups; (L) WB tests for ROCK1 and ROCK2 proteins. Statistics for ROCK1/GAPDH ratio (M) and ROCK2/GAPDH ratio (N) (FKA = 1.658, vs. CON; FKA+MEL = 7.650, vs. KA) in different groups. (*p < .05; **p < .01, ***p < .001).

Fig 4: The expression of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway in cells. The expression of p‐MYPT1, p‐MLCK, RhoA (A) and ROCK1/2 (B) proteins expression; statistics for p‐MYPT1/t‐MYPT1 ratio (C) (F(2,6) = 49.03, F(3,8) = 23, versus LPS), p‐MLCK/t‐MLCK ratio (D) (F(2,3 ) = 229.8, F(3,4) = 26.40, vs. LPS) and RhoA/GAPDH ratio (E) (F(2,3) = 63.44, F(3,4) = 48.58, vs. LPS) in different groups; Statistics for ROCK1/GAPDH ratio (F) and ROCK2/GAPDH ratio (G) (F(2,6) = 56.40, F(3,8) = 54.99, vs. LPS) in different groups. (**p < .01; ***p < .001). Immunofluorescent (IF) staining and flow cytometric (FCM) analysis in cells. IF staining for M1‐related biomarker (iba‐1 and iNOS) (H, K: FLPS = 2.333, vs. CON; FLPS+MEL = 27.14, vs. LPS) and M2‐related biomarkers (iba‐1 and Arg‐1) (I, L: FLPS = 4.333, vs. CON; FLPS+MEL = 1.692, vs. LPS) in BV‐2 cells; Proportion of CD86 (M1 cell) and CD206 (M2 cell) in BV‐2 cells (J, M: FLPS = 1.374, vs. CON; FLPS+MEL = 9.425, vs. LPS; N: FLPS+MEL = 91.54, vs. LPS).