Fig 2: The effects of chronic restraint stress on the regulation of serotonin and noradrenaline pathways and transporters in the prefrontal cortex. (A) Two-way ANOVA analyses with all groups quantified relative to male controls with Bonferroni multiple comparisons. Male control n = 6, male RS n = 7, female control n = 6, female RS n = 7. ** (On graph) denotes a significant difference between control and RS means: ** = p < 0.01. ** (Under graph) denotes a difference in main effects: ** = p < 0.01. $ Denotes a difference between male and female groups: $$ = p < 0.01. (B) Representative immunoblots for TPH2, IDO, MAO-A, SERT, VMAT2, NET and ß-actin. TPH2, tryptophan hydroxylase 2; IDO, indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase; MAO-A, mono-amine oxidase A; SERT, serotonin transporter; VMAT2, vesicular monoamine transporter 2; NET, noradrenaline transporter RS, chronic restraint stress.

Fig 3: The effects of chronic restraint stress on the regulation of serotonin and noradrenaline pathways and transporters in the hippocampus. (A) Two-way ANOVA analyses with all groups quantified relative to male controls with Bonferroni multiple comparisons. Male control n = 6, male RS n = 7, female control n = 7, female RS n = 6. * (Under graph) denotes a difference in main effects: * = p < 0.05, ** = p < 0.01. $ Denotes a difference between male and female groups: $ = p < 0.05. (B) Representative immunoblots for TPH2, IDO, MAO-A, SERT, VMAT2, NET and ß-actin. TPH2, tryptophan hydroxylase 2; IDO, indoleamine-pyrrole 2,3-dioxygenase; MAO-A, mono-amine oxidase A; SERT, serotonin transporter; VMAT2, vesicular monoamine transporter 2; NET, noradrenaline transporter RS, chronic restraint stress.