Fig 1: Figures (A–C) show the expression and differentiation of microglia before epilepsy modeling. (A) Western blot showing protein expression of Iba1 protein. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 per group). (B) Western blot showing protein expression of Arg-1 protein. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 per group). (C) Western blot showing protein expression of iNOS protein. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 per group). Figures (D–I) show the expression and differentiation of microglia 24 hours after epilepsy modeling. (D) Western blot showing protein expression of Iba1 protein. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 per group). (E) Iba1 positive cells (green; Alexa Fluor-488 staining) were observed with fluorescence microscope. White arrows indicate Iba1 positive cells. Scale bars: 100 µm for 200×, 50 µm for 400×. (F) Western blot showing protein expression of Arg-1 protein. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 per group). (G) Western blot showing protein expression of CD68 protein. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 per group). (H) Western blot showing protein expression of iNOS protein. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 per group). (I) Western blot showing protein expression of CD86 protein. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM (n = 5 per group). ns, no significance. *P < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; ****p < 0.0001 by one-way ANOVA (and nonparametric or mixed) followed by methods of multiple comparisons.