Fig 2: Antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses to JPT and Miltenyi peptide S protein wt and mutant pools.Antigen-specific CD8+ T cell responses elicited by the JPT peptide S protein pools after vaccination with BioNtech (grey), Moderna (blue) or AstraZeneca (red), or one year (orange) or < 2 months (dark green) after naturally occurring infection with SARS-CoV2, or negative controls. The bar graphs show frequencies of TNF-a+, IL-2+ or IFN?+ CD8+ T cells for wild type, and for alpha (B.1.1.7), beta (B.1.351), gamma (P.1) and delta (B.1.617.2) mutants. At least 200,000 events were counted for each individual condition.

Fig 3: Cell count of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in intensive care COVID-19 patients. Numbers of (A) CD3+, (B) CD4+, and (C) CD8+ T cells as well as (D) its ratio (CD4+ vs CD8+) were determined for 30 days intensive care unit stay (d ICU) (n = 24). Cell count/ratio of healthy donors were included as control ((C), n = 12 donors). Its median is shown as a green dashed line. To show the impact of the necessary treatment, we compared the cell count of healthy donors (black columns, HD, n = 12 donors) with non-ventilated (white columns, NV, n = 5 patients), ventilated (light grey columns, V, n = 12 patients) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (dark grey columns, E, n = 7 patients) requiring patients of (E) CD3+, (F) CD4+, and (G) CD8+ T cells. Finally, we determined the number of (H) CD3+, (I) CD4+, and (J) CD8+ T cells in surviving (S, n = 5 patients) vs deceased (D, n = 19 patients) patients. In (E) to (J) means were calculated from all samples of the particular patient. These were used to determine the corresponding means, which are shown. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

Fig 4: Cell count of CD3+, CD4+, and CD8+ T cells in intensive care COVID-19 patients. Numbers of (A) CD3+, (B) CD4+, and (C) CD8+ T cells as well as (D) its ratio (CD4+ vs CD8+) were determined for 30 days intensive care unit stay (d ICU) (n = 24). Cell count/ratio of healthy donors were included as control ((C), n = 12 donors). Its median is shown as a green dashed line. To show the impact of the necessary treatment, we compared the cell count of healthy donors (black columns, HD, n = 12 donors) with non-ventilated (white columns, NV, n = 5 patients), ventilated (light grey columns, V, n = 12 patients) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (dark grey columns, E, n = 7 patients) requiring patients of (E) CD3+, (F) CD4+, and (G) CD8+ T cells. Finally, we determined the number of (H) CD3+, (I) CD4+, and (J) CD8+ T cells in surviving (S, n = 5 patients) vs deceased (D, n = 19 patients) patients. In (E) to (J) means were calculated from all samples of the particular patient. These were used to determine the corresponding means, which are shown. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.