Fig 2: CTNNA1 inhibited cell migration, invasion and EMT in BLCA cell lines T24 and UMUC-2. (A) Cell migration activity was detected by wound healing assay. (B) Cell invasion activity was determined by transwell assay. (C) The mRNA expression levels of EMT-related factors including E-cad, N-cad, snail, MMP2 and MMP9 were measured by qRT-PCR. (D) The protein expression levels of EMT-related factors including E-cad, N-cad, snail, MMP2 and MMP9 were measured by Western blot. Data were shown as mean ± SD for three-independent experiments. **P<0.01 vs NC group.

Fig 3: CTNNA1 was down-regulated in BLCA tissues and cell lines. (A) The expression levels of CTNNA1 in 411 cases of BLCA tumor tissues and 19 cases of adjacent normal tissues were downloaded from TCGA database. (B) The CTNNA1 mRNA expressions in 117 paired of BLCA tumor tissues and matched adjacent normal tissues were detected by qRT-PCR. (C) The expression levels of CTNNA1 in 117 cases of normal tissues, 62 cases of NMIBC tumor tissues and 55 cases of MIBC tumor tissues were detected using qRT-PCR. (D) The CTNNA1 expressions in 5 paired of BLCA tumor tissues and adjacent normal tissues were determined by IHC. (E) Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was performed to measure the overall survival rate. (F) The CTNNA1 mRNA expressions in human bladder epithelium immortalized cells SV-HUC-1 and human BLCA cell lines (EJ, 5637, T24 and UMUC-2) were measured by qRT-PCR. (G) The CTNNA1 mRNA expressions in human bladder epithelium immortalized cells SV-HUC-1 and human BLCA cell lines (EJ, 5637, T24 and UMUC-2) were assessed by Western blot. Data were shown as mean ± SD for three-independent experiments. *P<0.05, **P<0.01 vs normal tissues or SV-HUC-1.

Fig 4: Mechanisms related to CTNNA1 function in BLCA. (A) GSEA analysis in BLCA patients with higher CTNNA1 expression vs lower CTNNA1 expression based on TCGA datasets. P53 and apoptosis pathways have the strongest relationship with CTNNA1-higher expression. (B) Expression levels of key proteins in the P53 (CASP3 and APAF1) and apoptosis (CASP8 and PIK3R1) pathways were detected by Western blot. Data were shown as mean ± SD for three-independent experiments. **P<0.01 vs NC group.