Fig 2: Proliferation in cerebral organoids over time. (A–c?) The ratio of proliferating cells was reduced over time, as the comparison of KI-67 (green) in an early cerebral organoid after 25 DIV (A–a?) with the situation after 53 DIV (B–b?) or even 81 DIV (C–c?) shows. GLAST (red), a marker for the radial glia type of neural stem cells, was strongly expressed in the neural rosette structures in the early organoids, whereas the signal appeared more diffuse after 81 DIV.

Fig 3: Alterations of GLAST and GLT-1 immunoreactivities in the hippocampi of mice by CUMS as well as XYS and FLU treatment. a, b The AOD of GLAST and GLT-1 in the hippocampal subregions CA1,CA3 and DG were determined by immunohistochemical staining. Abbreviations:CA1 and CA3: hippocampal subregions of ammons horn (cornu ammonis), DG:dentate gyrus. Data were expressed as mean ± S.E.M,n = 5 per group.* P < 0.05 vs. control;? p < 0.05, # p < 0.01 vs. model

Fig 4: Olig2-AS distribution is similar to that of GAT-3, a GABA transporter. Low-magnification views of sagittal brain sections showed that the distribution of Olig2-AS (A) is similar to that of GAT-3 immunoreactivity, a glial GABA transporter (B), but not to that of glutamate transporters, GLT-1 and /or GLAST (C). Scale bar: 1 mm (C) for A,B).

Fig 5: Characterization of SLC-overexpressing lines used in CCA.(A) Expression of SLC3A2 in the indicated sgRNA-expressing SAM-HEK293T cells assessed by Q-PCR. Data shown for three independent experiments. (B, C) Western blot showing expression of endogenous SLC1A2 (B) and SLC1A3 (C) SAM-HEK293T cells expressing the indicated sgRNA. Where indicated, cell lysates were treated with PNGase. (D, E, F) Western blot showing expression of Strep-HA–tagged (D) or untagged SLC1A2 (E), SLC1A3 (F), and GFP constructs in HEK293 Flip-In cells with (+) or without (-) doxycycline induction. Where indicated, cell lysates were treated with PNGase. (G, H) Confocal microscopy images of HEK293 Flip-In cells expressing Strep-HA–tagged SLC1A2 (G) or SLC1A3 (H) with (+) or without (-) doxycycline induction. AIF staining marks mitochondria. Scale bar: 10 µm.