Fig 2: MSM inhibits CSC markers and Wnt/β-catenin signaling. (A) Western blotting of SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG proteins in NCCIT and NTERA-2 cells after treatment with 100 and 200 mM MSM for 48 h. Expression levels were estimated by densitometry and normalized to β-actin. Data were obtained in triplicate. (B) Real-time qPCR showing illustrative expression of SOX2, OCT4, and NANOG genes in NCCIT and NTERA-2 cells. Cp values were normalized to GAPDH mRNA. Controls were set at 100. *** p < 0.001 (ANOVA). # p < 0.001 vs. control. (C) Western blotting of Wnt5a, Wnt8A, GSK-3β, β-catenin, TCF1/TCF7, and TCF3/TCF7L1 proteins in NCCIT and NTERA-2 cells after treatment with 100 and 200 mM MSM for 48 h. Expression levels of proteins were estimated by densitometry and normalized to β-actin. Experiments were conducted in triplicate. (D) Real-time qPCR showing illustrative expression of Wnt5a, Wnt8A, GSK-3β, β-catenin, TCF7, and TCF3 genes in NCCIT and NTERA-2 cells. Cp values were normalized to GAPDH mRNA. Controls were set at 100. ** p < 0.01 (ANOVA). & p < 0.01 vs. control. *** p < 0.001 (ANOVA). # p < 0.001 vs. control.