Fig 1: Diversity of myeloid and lymphoid immune cells one month after VSG(A–C) Our short-term study (A) was designed to characterize early immunocyte changes in a group of animals with matched weight loss following VSG to the long-term study (B). VSG promoted M2-like macrophage polarization, increased the number of regulatory T cells, and decreased the number of proliferating T cells in the adipose tissue. Fold-change from baseline in PBLs, SAT, and VAT in the ratio of: (C) M2/M1 macrophages (M1: CD206+CD11c+, M2: CD206+CD11c− of CD14+CD68+CD3- lym), M2/M1 in SAT n = 1, all others n = 2.(D) Tregs (FoxP3+CD4+ of CD3+ lym).(E) t-SNE projection of 26,400 myeloid cells (CD3−CD20-/CD45+ lym) sampled equally from PBLs (n = 2), SAT (n = 2), and VAT (n = 2) at D0 and D28 after VSG.(F) 12 individual FlowSOM-identified myeloid populations from the t-SNE projection in (E) as fold change from D0.(G) Heatmap showing mean expression of indicated markers across the 12 FlowSOM myeloid populations.(H) t-SNE projection of 4860 Tregs (CD25+CD127-/CD4+ lym) sampled equally from PBLs (n = 2), SAT (n = 2), and VAT (n = 2) at D0 and D28 after VSG.(I) Six individual FlowSOM-identified Treg populations from the t-SNE projects in (H) as fold change from D0.(J) Heatmap showing mean expression of indicated markers across the six FlowSOM Treg populations. Data reported as group average ±SEM.See also Figures S7, S8, and S9, and Tables S5 and S6.