Fig 1: The pathway inhibitors affect the TWEAK regulation of proinflammatory cytokines in murine keratinocytes. PAM212 cells were cultured in vitro and received ultraviolet B irradiation and TWEAK stimulation. Some cells were pretreated with the specific inhibitors of nuclear factor-kappa B (JSH-23), mitogen-activated protein kinases/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (U0126), and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (wortmannin) pathways. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the mRNA expression levels of regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) (A), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) (B), and interferon gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10) (C). Data were from three independent experiments. Data points and error bars represent mean ± SEM. **p < 0.01.
Fig 2: TWEAK and Fn14 expression increases in skin lesions of cutaneous lupus erythematosus. (A) By immunohistochemistry, the expression of TWEAK and Fn14 was determined in paraffin sections. (B) The stained sections were quantitated for the positivity percentage per square millimeter values. (C) The mRNA expression levels of TWEAK and Fn14 were determined in fresh tissues. (D) The mRNA levels of regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), and interferon gamma-induced protein-10 (IP-10) were also determined in these tissues. (E) Confocal microscopy was performed for Ro52 and Fn14 expression in lesional skin. Number of normal samples = 10, number of non-lesional samples = 15, number of lesional samples = 15. Data points and error bars represent mean ± SEM. Representative images are shown. Bar = 50 µm. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.
Fig 3: TWEAK enhances the production of proinflammatory cytokines in keratinocytes upon UVB irradiation. PAM212 keratinocytes were cultured in vitro and received UVB irradiation or stimulation of bovine serum albumin (BSA) or TWEAK. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was performed to determine the mRNA expression levels of Fn14 (A), regulated on activation normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) (B), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) (C), and interferon gamma-induced protein 10 (IP-10) (D) in keratinocytes. Data were from three independent experiments. Data points and error bars represent mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
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